Photography - Understanding the Psychology of Effective Photographic Composition

In an age of digital photography, where the abilitytwo, and you want to draw attention to it, you
to set automatic exposure, automatic focusing,apply the rule of thirds. By forcing the viewer's
and automatic white balancing virtually ensures aeye away from the center of the image you are
sharp and technically pleasing image, thesuggesting that you (the photographer) have
difference between a great shot and andone this for a reason, and that to appreciate the
unremarkable one often boils down to merefull story behind the photograph you have to
composition. Understanding this one concept cansearch elsewhere for it in the image.
transform the quality of your photographyApplication of the rule of thirds forces the viewer
overnight and reveal a whole new way of lookingto relate the principal object to their immediate
at the world.environment. Application of the rule of thirds tells
Perhaps the most widely quoted principle ofthe viewer that you have thought about your
effective composition involves the "rule of thirds".image, and so should they.
In order to understand when this principle shouldBut the rule of thirds has its limitations. If there is
be used, and when it should be ignored, it isno relationship between the principal object and
important to understand the psychology behindtheir immediate environment which needs to be
the principle, which is something that is notemphasized, application of the rule of thirds can
adequately conveyed in most discussions of thestill be employed, but the effect will be significantly
rule of thirds.weakened by causing the viewer to look for a
The idea behind the rule of thirds is that whenrelationship that is not there. In such cases,
you survey a scene in your viewfinder, youconsider throwing the background completely out
should mentally divide the image before you intoof focus to re-emphasize the main subject.
thirds. Imagine two vertical lines which are placedApplying the rule of thirds in the wrong situation
one third, and two thirds, of the way from thecan also completely destroy the strength of a
left border of the viewfinder image. Then imaginephotograph. In sports photography the money
two more lines, horizontal ones this time, placedshot is often captured at the peak of the action,
one third, and two thirds, of the way down fromand at that instant the principal subject usually
the top border of the viewfinder image. In effectbelongs at the center of the frame for maximum
you have placed a coarse, but uniform, grid overimpact. This is not an absolute rule, but the rule of
the image.thirds is more often applied effectively to
The rule of thirds states that when you composerelatively static scenes.
your image, you should try to place the mostOther times that demand the rule of thirds be
important visual elements on these lines. Forignored arise when you photograph symmetrical
example, a person standing upright should beobjects. A starfish, or the inside of a flower,
centered on one of the two vertical lines. Aphotographed at close range are going to result in
horizontal band of water, a hedge, or the base ofmuch stronger images if the center of the
a wall, would be positioned on the upper or lowerstarfish or flower coincides with the center of the
horizontal line. The idea is that the points ofimage. In these instances, symmetry trumps any
central interest in your image should neither berelationship of the starfish, or flower, to its
placed at the center of the image, nor too closeimmediate environment.
to the edge of it.If you have not yet consciously applied the rule
If you study photographs that are held in highof thirds to the composition of your photographs,
regard by others you will often be able to discernnow is a good time to start. Just remember to
the application of the rule of thirds. Other timesask yourself one question: is there a relationship
you will instantly be able to see how a photographbetween the principal subject of the photograph
with weak composition could have beenand their immediate environment that I want to
substantially improved had the photographerconvey to the viewer. If there is, the rule of
applied the rule of thirds.thirds should help you to capture that relation,
So why does this method work so well toincrease the story-telling aspect of your
improve the composition of a photograph? And ifphotograph, and improve the chances that others
it is known to often *dramatically* improve thecome to hold it in high regard.
composition, when should it not be used?To help you select a suitable digital camera to get
The key to mastering the rule of thirds is tostarted with, I have put together an article for
understand the relationship between the principalyou about how to find the right Beginner Digital
object being photographed, and its immediateCamera.
environment. If there is a relationship between the