Photography 101 - Basics About Shutter Speed and Aperture

>represent ratios meaning that the larger the f
Camera aperture and shutter speed arestop number, the narrower the aperture. So the
undoubtedly the 2 most misunderstoodlarger the f-stop number on your camera, the
photography topics. In this article, get a detailedlarger the depth of field.
overview about these two topics so you can fullyThe reason the setting is called "priority" is that
understand how to use them to take greatwhen you set the aperture, the camera adjusts
photographs. Pre-set modes like "Sports" andthe shutter speed so that the exposure is just
"Night Portrait" make it easy for us to just pointright. Another way to look at it is, the aperture
and shoot. If you're new to photography, two ofsetting will have priority while the shutter speed
the most important things to learn are apertureplays a secondary role.
and shutter speed settings as these will give youAll About Shutter Speed
a lot of creative control. If you're wondering whichWhile the aperture controls how much light at one
cameras have these settings, some digitaltime falls on the image sensor, the shutter speed
compacts have them while most of the bridgecontrols the length of time the camera allows in
(prosumer) cameras do and all SLRs have them.the light.
At first it may seem it a little confusing usingYou may have noticed how people in pictures
manual camera settings, but the improvement intaken in the 19th century rarely are smiling.
the quality of your pictures will be well worth it.Shutter speeds were so slow back then that
All About Camera Aperturepeople had to hold perfectly still for several
The aperture works much like an iris in a person'sminutes — not to mention in all those stiff
eye. Just like your irises widen or narrow to let inclothes they wore for picture day. No wonder
more or less light through the pupils, the camera'sthey  looked so stern!
lens diaphragm widens or narrows to let in moreThe shutter speeds most commonly used today
or less light through the lens. The aperture is theare 1/500th of a second to 1/60th of a second.
size of this opening.The Shutter Priority setting lets you choose
Aperture lets the photographer (or the camera'sspeeds (within the camera's range) specifically for
exposure computer if it's set to automatic)the effect you want.
increase or reduce the amount of light that getsFor shutter speeds slower than 1/60 you will
through to the sensor, thus helping determineprobably need a tripod or other camera support
how bright or dark the picture will be.because when the shutter is open that long the
The aperture also controls the depth of field ofcamera records the tiniest jiggle, causing the
the image.photo to be out of focus or outright blurry.
To better understand how this works, make aIf you want to freeze action (like what Sports
fist with your hand and hold it in front of yourmode does), set the camera's Shutter Priority to
eye. Then gradually open your fist. Notice whena fast speed. Only with this manual setting, you
the opening in your hand is small everything youcan be more selective. For example, a soccer
see is in focus? But when your fist is open wide,game may require up to 1/500 to freeze the
the object closest to you is sharper than theaction, while if photographing a pet sitting quietly,
background?a shutter speed of around 1/125 will freeze the
A small aperture is great for taking pictures likesmall actions, like a slight twitch of the tail.
landscapes where you want everything in focus.When using settings like Shutter Priority and
An Aperture Priority setting on your cameraAperture Priority you get more creative control
allows you to set the aperture within thewhich often means you can end up with much
camera's range of f-stop numbers (or calledbetter pictures.
f-stop for short). These f stop numbers